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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *nawiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_nawiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_bsl-x-proto_na_wis" xml:lang="bsl-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*nā́ˀwis</orth>
          <def>death, corpse</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_nh2w_i_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*nh̥₂w-i-s</orth>
          <def>corpse</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_txb_naut" xml:lang="txb" type="cognate">
          <orth>naut-</orth>
          <def>to disappear; be destroyed</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nawiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nawiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>nawiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈnɑ.wiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᚨᚹᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>corpse</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_nh2w_i_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_nh2w_i_s">*nh̥₂w-i-s</ref></mentioned> (‘corpse’), from *neh₂w- (‘death; corpse’). Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐍉𐌽 (ganawistrōn, ‘to bury’), Proto-Balto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="bsl-x-proto" target="#cog_bsl-x-proto_na_wis"><ref target="#cog_bsl-x-proto_na_wis">*nā́ˀwis</ref></mentioned> (‘death, corpse’), Tocharian B <mentioned xml:lang="txb" target="#cog_txb_naut"><ref target="#cog_txb_naut">naut-</ref></mentioned> (‘to disappear; be destroyed’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>nawiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>nawīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>nawį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>nawinz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>nawīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>nawjǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>nawī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>nawimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>nawī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>nawimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>nawi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>nawīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nawi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>nēo, nē</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nár</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>nár</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>nåe</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>nåe</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍃 (naus)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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