<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *nazjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_nazjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nazjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nazjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>nazjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈnɑz.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᚨᛉᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to save; rescue; heal</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *nesaną (‘to save, heal’) + *-janą (‘causative suffix’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nazjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nazjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nazjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nazisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nazjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nazi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nazjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nazjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>naziþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nazjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nazjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nazjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nazjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>nazjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>nazjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>nazjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>nazjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>nazjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nazjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nazjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nazjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nazjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>naziþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nazjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>naziþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nazjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nazjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nazjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nazjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nazjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nazjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nazjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nazidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nazidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nazidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nazidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nazidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nazidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>nazidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>nazidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>nazidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>nazidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nazidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nazidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nazidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nazidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nazidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nazidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>nazjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>nazidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>nazjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naʀjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>neren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>nēren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>genēren, neringhe</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>generen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naʀjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>nerian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>nerian</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naʀjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>nera</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>neere</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naʀjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>nerien, nerjan, nerren, neren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>nerren, nern, nerigen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>nähren</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>neere</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>nieren</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>נערן (nern)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naʀjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>nerian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>neren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>nähren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naʀjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>nerian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>neren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                          <orth>nære</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>nære, næra</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naʀjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>nerian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>neren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                        <orth>næræ</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>nære</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naʀjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>nerian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>neren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>næra</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>næra</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naʀjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>nerian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>neren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>næra</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>nära</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nasjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
