Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *-ndzScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ndz
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic LanguagesRobert D.FulkJohn Benjamins Publishing Company2018From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017-ωνmasculine singular of present, future, and second aorist active participles-अन्त्-/-अत्-ending of the present active participle-οντοςmasculine/neuter genitive singular of -ων (-ōn)-ēnsending of the present active participle of second and third conjugation verbs-entis-genitive ending of the present active participle of second and third conjugation verbs
suffixnounmasculineconsonant stemforms masculine agent nouns from verbs, especially lexicalized substantives of the present participle, denoting a habitual or characteristic agentFrom Proto-Indo-European *-ónt-s, the active present participle suffix. In Proto-Germanic, these inherited participles could be substantivized as agent nouns. Fulk 2018: 178–79 treats these “nd-stems” as substantivized PIE present participles in *-nt-, while Ringe 2017: 224 is more cautious, noting that the productive participial system was remodeled differently in the daughter branches and that it may be rash to project a separate fossilized *-nd- agent-noun class fully back into Proto-Germanic; nevertheless, the source is clearly participial. The suffix is cognate with Sanskrit -अन्त्-/-अत्-, Ancient Greek -ων ~ -οντος, and Latin -ēns~ -entis-, all from the same PIE present participial formation.