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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *Nerþuz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_nerþuz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
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    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2ner" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂nḗr</orth>
          <def>power, vitality, force</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_sunrta" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>सूनृत</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>sūnṛtá</orth>
          </form>
          <def>pleasant</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_nert" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>nert</orth>
          <def>strength</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nerthuz" type="propn" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Nerþuz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>Nerþuz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈner.θuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>propn</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>A Germanic god or goddess: Njord, Nerthus.</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Unknown. Possibly a derivative of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ner"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ner">*h₂nḗr</ref></mentioned> (‘power, vitality, force’). Compare Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_nert"><ref target="#cog_sga_nert">nert</ref></mentioned> (‘strength’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_sunrta"><ref target="#cog_san_sunrta">सूनृत</ref></mentioned> (sūnṛtá, ‘pleasant’) (&lt; *Hsu-Hnr̥tás), Old English (ġe-)neorð (‘contented’); for the suffix, see *-þuz. More at Njörðr, Njörun, and Nerthus.</seg>
          </etym>
          <note type="Uncertain reconstruction">
            <p>Attested as feminine (Tacitus's dea Nerthus), but the reconstructed PGmc u-stem form and the later masculine Norse reflex (Njörðr) leave the original grammatical gender disputed; recorded here as masculine.</p>
          </note>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>Nerþuz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>Nerþų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>Nerþauz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>Nirþiwi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>Nerþū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>Nerþu</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>Njǫrðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>Njørd, Njord</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>English</lang>
                    <orth>Njorth, Njord</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>Njørður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>Njörður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>Njord, Njor</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>Njärd, Njord</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Latin</lang>
                  <orth>Nerthus</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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