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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *nesaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_nesaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_nes" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*nes-</orth>
          <def>to return; recover; make whole</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nesana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nesaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>nesaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈne.sɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᛖᛊᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 5</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to survive, recover, heal</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_nes"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_nes">*nes-</ref></mentioned> (‘to return, heal’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nesō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nesaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nesai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nisizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nesaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nes</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nesazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nesaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nisidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nesai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nesadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nesadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nesaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>nesōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>nesaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>nesadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>nesaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>nesadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nesamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nesaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nesandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nesaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nisid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nesaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nisid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nesandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nesaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nesandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nesain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nesandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nesandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nesaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nas</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nēzį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nast</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nēzīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nas</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nēzī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>nēzū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>nēzīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>nēzudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>nēzīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nēzum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nēzīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nēzud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nēzīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nēzun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nēzīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>nesandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>nezanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>nesaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>nesan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġenesan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>nesan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>nēsen</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*nesan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>nēsen</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>nësan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>nësen</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>irnësan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
