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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *nēhw</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_nēhw</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nehw_x2" type="adverb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nēhw">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>nēhw</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈnɛːxʷ</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᛖᚺᚹ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adverb</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>near, close</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Derived from the adjective *nēhwaz (‘near’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nāhw</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>nāh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>na</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>nao</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nāhw</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>nāh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>na</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>na</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>na</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nāhw</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>nēah, nēa, nēh, nīh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>neygh, nygh, nye, nyȝ, nighe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>nigh</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>ne, ney</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>neeghe, nich</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nāhw</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>nach, nā, nēi, nī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>nai</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>nei</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nāhw</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>nāh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>nāh</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>nah, nach</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>no</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nāhw</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>nāh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>nâch, nâ</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>nach</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>na, noa, nao, nå</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌽𐌴𐍈 (nēƕ)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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