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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *nūaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_nūaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_neuo" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>νεύω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>neúō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to nod, to wave</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nuana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nūaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>nūaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈnuː.ɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᚢᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to rub, to grind</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly related to Latin nuō and Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_neuo"><ref target="#cog_grc_neuo">νεύω</ref></mentioned> (neúō, ‘to nod, to wave’)</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nūō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nūaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nūai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nūizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nūaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nūazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nūaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nūidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nūai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nūadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nūadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nūaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>nūōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>nūaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>nūadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>nūaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>nūadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nūamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nūaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nūandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nūaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nūid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nūaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nūid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nūandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nūaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nūandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nūain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nūandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nūandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nūaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nenū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>nenūį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nenūt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>nenūīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nenū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>nenūī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>nenūū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>nenūīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>nenūudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>nenūīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nenūum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>nenūīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nenūud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>nenūīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nenūun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>nenūīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>nūandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>nūanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>nūaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nūwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>niuwan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*neuwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>niuwan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>núa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>núa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>bnúa, gnúa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (*nauan)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (bnauan)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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