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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *paddǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_paddǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bed" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bed-</orth>
          <def>to swell</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_paddo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/paddǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>paddǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈpɑd.dɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛈᚨᛞᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>toad</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bed"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bed">*bed-</ref></mentioned> (‘to swell’) (Pok. 96), from *bʰew- (‘to swell’) (Pok. 98-102).</seg>
            <seg type="p">Also compare English puddle of imitative origin, Old English puduc (‘swelling, lump, growth, wart’), Low German puddig (‘swollen’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>paddǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>paddōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>paddōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>paddōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>paddōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>paddōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>paddōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>paddōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>paddōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>paddōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>paddǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>paddōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*paddā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*padda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>padde, pedde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>pad</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>padda</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*paddā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>padde</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>padde, pade</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>pad, poade, pode</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>pade, pad, podde, pode</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*paddā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>padde</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Pudde</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>padde, podde, podd, pod</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*paddā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*padda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>padde, pedde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Padde</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Padde, Pudde</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*paddā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*padda, *podda, *potta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Italian</lang>
                      <orth>botta, bodda</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*paddā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*padda, *podda, *potta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>bot</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old French</lang>
                        <orth>boterel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>padda</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>padde</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>padda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>padda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>padde, paddå</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>padda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>padd</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>padde</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>padde</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>padda</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>padda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>padda</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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