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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *pullaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_pullaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_blnos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bl̥nos</orth>
          <def>bog, marsh</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_bala" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>bala</orth>
          <def>a muddy, treeless depression</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_bala" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>balà</orth>
          <def>bog; marsh; swamp; pool</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_pullaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pullaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>pullaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈpul.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛈᚢᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>pool, puddle</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>ditch, creek</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_blnos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_blnos">*bl̥nos</ref></mentioned> (‘bog, marsh’). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_bala"><ref target="#cog_lit_bala">balà</ref></mentioned> (‘bog; marsh; swamp; pool’), Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_bala"><ref target="#cog_lav_bala">bala</ref></mentioned> (‘a muddly, treeless depression’), Russian боло́то (bolóto, ‘swamp; bog; marsh’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>pullaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>pullōz, pullōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>pullą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>pullanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>pullas, pullis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>pullǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>pullai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>pullamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>pullō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>pullamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>pull</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>pullōz, pullōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pull</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>pull, pyll, *pullijaz</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>pul, pyll, pill</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>pill</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pull</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*pull, *poll</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>poll</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>pollr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>pollur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>pollur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scots</lang>
                    <orth>poll, pow</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Brythonic</lang>
                  <orth>*pull</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Welsh</lang>
                    <orth>pwll</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Welsh</lang>
                      <orth>pwll</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Brythonic</lang>
                  <orth>*pull</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Breton</lang>
                    <orth>Pul-Bili</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Breton</lang>
                      <orth>pul, poul, poull</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Breton</lang>
                        <orth>poull</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Brythonic</lang>
                  <orth>*pull</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Cornish</lang>
                    <orth>pol</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Cornish</lang>
                      <orth>pol</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cornish</lang>
                        <orth>poll</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Middle Irish</lang>
                  <orth>poll</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Irish</lang>
                    <orth>poll</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Manx</lang>
                    <orth>poyll</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scottish Gaelic</lang>
                    <orth>poll</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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