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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *pīkaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_pīkaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_picco" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>*picco</orth>
          <def>I sting, strike</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_pikaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pīkaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>pīkaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈpiː.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛈᛁᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>sharp point, pike, pickaxe, peak</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Similar to the verb *pikkōną (‘to pick, peck’) (or a secondary form of it), probably ultimately of imitative origin. Compare Vulgar Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_picco"><ref target="#cog_lat_picco">*picco</ref></mentioned> (‘I sting, strike’), which could be a borrowing or parallel formation.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>pīkaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>pīkōz, pīkōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>pīką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>pīkanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>pīkas, pīkis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>pīkǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>pīkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>pīkamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>pīkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>pīkamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>pīk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>pīkōz, pīkōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*pīk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>pike</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>piek</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>piek</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>pīc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>pyke, pike, pyk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>pike</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*pīk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Peik</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>pík</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>pig</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>pik</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>pík</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>pīker</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>pik</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐍀𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*peiks)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>𐍀𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (peikabagms)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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