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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *pīpaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_pīpaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_pipana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pīpaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>pīpaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈpiː.pɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛈᛁᛈᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>To chirp or pipe like a bird or rodent</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>To talk in a high-pitched or squeaky voice.</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>To play a pipe or flute; to pipe</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Latin pīpō.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>pīpō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>pīpaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>pīpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>pīpizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>pīpaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>pīp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>pīpazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>pīpaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>pīpidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>pīpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>pīpadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>pīpadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>pīpaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>pīpōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>pīpaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>pīpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>pīpaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>pīpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>pīpamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>pīpaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>pīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>pīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>pīpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>pīpaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>pīpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>pīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>pīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>pīpandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>pīpain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>pīpandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>pīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>pīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>paip</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>pipį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>paift</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>pipīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>paip</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>pipī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>pipū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>pipīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>pipudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>pipīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>pipum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>pipīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>pipud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>pipīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>pipun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>pipīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>pīpandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>pipanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>pīpaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*pīpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>pipen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>pijpen, piepen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>piepe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*phīfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Catalan</lang>
                      <orth>pifiar</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*phīfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Italian</lang>
                      <orth>piffero, piffaro</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>piffero</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*phīfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>pfīfen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>pfife</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Central German</lang>
                        <orth>feifen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>pfeifen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>poife, peife, piefe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>פֿײַפֿן (fayfn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*phīfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>pfīfen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>pfeifn, pfeifa</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                          <orth>faifan</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*phīfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>pfīfen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>piefe, peife</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>päifen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*phīfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Spanish</lang>
                      <orth>pifiar</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Spanish</lang>
                        <orth>pifia</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Portuguese</lang>
                          <orth>pífio</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*pīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*pīpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>pîpen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>piepen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>piepen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*pípa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>pibe</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>pípa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>pipa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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