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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *rafjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_rafjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_rafjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rafjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>rafjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈrɑɸ.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚱᚨᚠᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to seize, take</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Likely from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥́₁p-(y)e-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p-.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rafjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rafjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rafjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rafisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rafjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rafi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rafjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rafjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rafiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rafjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rafjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rafjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rafjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>rafjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>rafjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rafjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rafjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rafjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rafjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rafjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rafjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rafjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rafiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rafjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rafiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rafjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rafjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rafjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rafjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rafjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rafjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rafjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rōf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rōbį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rōft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rōbīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rōf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rōbī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>rōbū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>rōbīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>rōbudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>rōbīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rōbum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rōbīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rōbud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rōbīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rōbun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rōbīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>rafjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>rabanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>rafjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>*rafan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*berafan, berōfon</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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