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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *raidō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_raidō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_raido" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raidō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>raidō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈrɑi̯.ðɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚱᚨᛁᛞᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>ride, journey</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>name of the rune ᚱ (r)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">An o-grade nominal formation from *rīdaną (‘to ride’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>raidō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>raidôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>raidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>raidōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>raidōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>raidǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>raidōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>raidōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>raidō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>raidōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>raidō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>raidôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*raidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>rēda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>rêde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>rede</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*raidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>rād</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>rode, rade, rod, rood, roode</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>road, rade</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Malayalam</lang>
                          <orth>റോഡ് (ṟōḍŭ)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Tamil</lang>
                          <orth>ரோடு (rōṭu)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Telugu</lang>
                          <orth>రోడ్డు (rōḍḍu)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*raidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>rād</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>rode, rade, rod, rood, roode</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old French</lang>
                        <orth>*rade</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle French</lang>
                          <orth>rade</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>French</lang>
                            <orth>rade</orth>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Catalan</lang>
                              <orth>rada</orth>
                            </form>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Italian</lang>
                              <orth>rada</orth>
                            </form>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Spanish</lang>
                              <orth>rada</orth>
                            </form>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*raidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>rād</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>rode, rade, rod, rood, roode</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>raid</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>raid, rade</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>French</lang>
                            <orth>raid</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Italian</lang>
                            <orth>raid</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Polish</lang>
                            <orth>rajd</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Romanian</lang>
                            <orth>raid</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Russian</lang>
                            <orth>рейд (rejd)</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Spanish</lang>
                            <orth>raid</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Swedish</lang>
                            <orth>räd</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*raidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*rēd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>reed</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*raidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>reita</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>reite</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*raidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*rēda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>rêde, reide</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Reede</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚱᚨᛁᛞᚢ (*raidu)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>reið</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>red</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>reið</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>reið</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>rei</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>rei, reid</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>raiþ</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚱᚨᛁᛞᚢ (*raidu)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>reið</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>redh</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>red</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 (*raida)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Finnish</lang>
                  <orth>raita</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Finnish</lang>
                  <orth>raide</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*rājδō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>rajd</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*rājδō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Eastern Samic</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Inari Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ráiđu</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Kildin Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ра̄ййт (rājjt)</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Skolt Sami</lang>
                      <orth>räidd</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Ter Sami</lang>
                      <orth>раййта (râjjtâ)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*rājδō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Western Samic</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Lule Sami</lang>
                      <orth>rájddo</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Northern Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ráidu</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Pite Sami</lang>
                      <orth>rájjdo</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Southern Sami</lang>
                      <orth>raajroe</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Ume Sami</lang>
                      <orth>rájđđuo</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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