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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *reudaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_reudaną_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_hrewdh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*Hrewdʰ-</orth>
          <def>to clear out</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_ruo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>ruo</orth>
          <def>I dig out</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_r_vati" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*rъvati</orth>
          <def>to tear</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h_rewh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(H)rewH-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_reudana_2" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/reudaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>reudaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈreu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚱᛖᚢᛞᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to clear, eradicate, remove</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_hrewdh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_hrewdh">*Hrewdʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to clear out’), though with no certain cognates outside of Germanic. The main cited possible cognate is Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀 (raoⁱδiia, ‘(possibly) to be made arable’), though this is uncertain due to the Avestan term itself having an uncertain interpretation. Said root has been linked to Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h_rewh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h_rewh">*(H)rewH-</ref></mentioned> (‘to dig out’) (whence also Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_ruo"><ref target="#cog_lat_ruo">ruo</ref></mentioned> (‘I dig out’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_r_vati"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_r_vati">*rъvati</ref></mentioned> (‘to tear’)).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>reudō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>reudaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>reudai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>riudizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>reudaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>reud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>reudazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>reudaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>riudidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>reudai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>reudadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>reudadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>reudaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>reudōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>reudaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>reudadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>reudaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>reudadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>reudamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>reudaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>reudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>reudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>riudid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>reudaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>riudid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>reudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>reudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>reudandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>reudain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>reudandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>reudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>reudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>raud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rudį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>raust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rudīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>raud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rudī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>rudū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>rudīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>rududiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>rudīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rudum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rudīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rudud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rudīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rudun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rudīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>reudandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>rudanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>reudaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*reudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>rēodan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*reudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*riotan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rieten</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>rjóða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>rjóða</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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