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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *reufaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_reufaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_rumpo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>rumpō</orth>
          <def>to burst, break open</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_reufana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/reufaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>reufaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈreu̯.ɸɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚱᛖᚢᚠᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to tear</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *Hréwpt, from *Hrewp- (‘to break’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_rumpo"><ref target="#cog_lat_rumpo">rumpō</ref></mentioned> (‘to burst, break open’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>reufō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>reufaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>reufai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>riufizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>reufaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>reuf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>reufazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>reufaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>riufidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>reufai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>reufadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>reufadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>reufaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>reufōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>reufaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>reufadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>reufaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>reufadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>reufamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>reufaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>reufandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>reufaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>riufid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>reufaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>riufid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>reufandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>reufaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>reufandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>reufain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>reufandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>reufandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>reufaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rauf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rubį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rauft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rubīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rauf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rubī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>rubū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>rubīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>rubudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>rubīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rubum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rubīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rubud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rubīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rubun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rubīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>reufandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>rubanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>reufaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*reufan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>rēofan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>reven, *raubōną</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>reave, reeve, reve</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>refe, reiff, reve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>rjúfa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>rjúva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>rjúfa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>rubbe</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>rjuva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>rȳva, riuva, riūva</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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