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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *rēdaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_rēdaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_redaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rēdaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>rēdaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈrɛː.ðɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚱᛖᛞᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>advice, counsel</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *Hréh₁dʰos, from *Hreh₁dʰ- (‘to think, arrange’). Synchronically analyzable as a nominal formation from *rēdaną (‘to advise’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>rēdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>rēdōz, rēdōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>rēdą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>rēdanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>rēdas, rēdis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>rēdǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>rēdai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>rēdamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>rēdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>rēdamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>rēd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>rēdōz, rēdōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rād</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>rāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>raet</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>raad</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>raad</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Aukan</lang>
                          <orth>lai</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Caribbean Hindustani</lang>
                          <orth>rái</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Indonesian</lang>
                          <orth>rad</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>raad, raed</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rād</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>rǣd, rēd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>red, ræd, rede, reed</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>rede</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>rede</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rād</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>rēd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Räid</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>ried, rie</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rād</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>rāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rāt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Rat</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Rot</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>ראָט (rot)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rād</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>rāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rāt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Czech</lang>
                        <orth>rada</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Czech</lang>
                          <orth>rada</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rād</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>rāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rāt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Czech</lang>
                        <orth>rada</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                          <orth>rada, reda</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Silesian</lang>
                            <orth>rada</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rād</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>rāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rāt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Czech</lang>
                        <orth>rada</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                          <orth>rada, reda</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Old East Slavic</lang>
                            <orth>ра́да (ráda)</orth>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Russian</lang>
                              <orth>ра́да (ráda)</orth>
                            </form>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rād</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>rāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rāt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Czech</lang>
                        <orth>rada</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                          <orth>rada, reda</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Old East Slavic</lang>
                            <orth>ра́да (ráda)</orth>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Old Ruthenian</lang>
                              <orth>ра́да (ráda)</orth>
                              <form type="descendant">
                                <lang>Belarusian</lang>
                                <orth>ра́да (ráda)</orth>
                              </form>
                              <form type="descendant">
                                <lang>Carpathian Rusyn</lang>
                                <orth>ра́да (ráda)</orth>
                              </form>
                              <form type="descendant">
                                <lang>Ukrainian</lang>
                                <orth>ра́да (ráda)</orth>
                              </form>
                            </form>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rād</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>rāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rāt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Czech</lang>
                        <orth>rada</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                          <orth>rada, reda</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Polish</lang>
                            <orth>rada</orth>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>English</lang>
                              <orth>rada</orth>
                            </form>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Kashubian</lang>
                              <orth>rada</orth>
                            </form>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Slovincian</lang>
                              <orth>rada</orth>
                            </form>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rād</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>rād</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>rât</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Raad</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚱᚨᛞᚨᛉ (*radaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                    <orth>ᚠᚱᚨᚹᚨᚱᚨᛞᚨᛉ (frawaradaʀ)</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                    <orth>*rāδē</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚱᚨᛞᚨᛉ (*radaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                    <orth>*ᚱᚨᛞᚨ (*rada)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                      <orth>ráð</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Faroese</lang>
                        <orth>ráð</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                        <orth>ráð</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Jamtish</lang>
                        <orth>raoð</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>råd</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                        <orth>raþ</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚱᚨᛞᚨᛉ (*radaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                    <orth>*ᚱᚨᛞᚨ (*rada)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                      <orth>ráð</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                        <orth>rath</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>råd</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚱᚨᛞᚨᛉ (*radaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                    <orth>*ᚱᚨᛞᚨ (*rada)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                      <orth>ráð</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>rāþ</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Estonian</lang>
                          <orth>raad</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Finnish</lang>
                          <orth>raati</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>råd</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>East Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Catalan</lang>
                    <orth>arreu</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>East Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>*𐍂𐌴𐌳 (*rēd)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gothic</lang>
                      <orth>𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰 (garēdaba), 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌸 (wiljariþ)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>East Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vandalic</lang>
                    <orth>*rith</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Galician</lang>
                      <orth>adrede</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Portuguese</lang>
                      <orth>adrede</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Spanish</lang>
                      <orth>adrede</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>East Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vandalic</lang>
                    <orth>*rith</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                      <orth>*arredō</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Portuguese</lang>
                        <orth>arrear</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Spanish</lang>
                        <orth>arrear</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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