<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *rībaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_rībaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h1reyp" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₁reyp-</orth>
          <def>to peel off, rip, tear; strip, strap</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ribaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rībaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>rībaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈriː.βɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚱᛁᛒᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>generous; abundant</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1reyp"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1reyp">*h₁reyp-</ref></mentioned> (‘to tear, rip’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>rībaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>rībō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>rībą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>rībai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>rībôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>rībō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>rībanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>rībǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>rībą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>rībanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>rībōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>rībō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>rības, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>rībaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>rības, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>rībaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>rībaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>rībaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>rībammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>rībaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>rībammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>rībaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>rībaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>rībaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>rībanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>rībaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>rībanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>rībaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>rībaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>rībaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>rībô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>rībǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>rībô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>rībaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>rībōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>rībōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>rībanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>rībōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>rībô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>rībanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>rībōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>rībōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>rībiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>rībōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>rībiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>rībanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>rībōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>rībanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>rībini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>rībōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>rībini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>rībammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>rībōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>rībammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>rībinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>rībōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>rībinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>rībammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>rībōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>rībammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*rīf, *rīfi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>rive, rijve, rijf, gerive</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>rijf, grif</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>rīfe, rȳfe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>rif, rife, rive</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Anglo-Norman</lang>
                        <orth>*rife</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>rife</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>ryf, ryfe, rife</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*rīfe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>rieuw</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>rju</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*rīf, *rīfi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>rîve</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>rive</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>rífr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>riv</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ríviligur, rívan</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>rífur, ríflegur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>riv</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>rīver</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>rífligr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>riv</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ríviligur, rívan</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>rífur, ríflegur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>riv</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>rīver</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Finnish</lang>
                  <orth>reipas</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
