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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *rīdaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_rīdaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_reideti" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*reideti</orth>
          <def>to ride</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_reidis" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*reidis</orth>
          <def>easy, smooth</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_hreydh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*Hreydʰ-</orth>
          <def>to set in motion, ride</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_riedeti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>riedė́ti</orth>
          <def>to roll</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_reidid" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>réidid</orth>
          <def>to ride, drive</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ridana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīdaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>rīdaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈriː.ðɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚱᛁᛞᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to ride</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_hreydh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_hreydh">*Hreydʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to set in motion, ride’), likely a suffixed form of *h₃reyH- (‘to move, churn’).</seg>
            <seg type="p">Cognate with Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_reideti"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_reideti">*reideti</ref></mentioned> (‘to ride’) (whence Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_reidid"><ref target="#cog_sga_reidid">réidid</ref></mentioned> (‘to ride, drive’), ríad (“ride”, noun)), Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_reidis"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_reidis">*reidis</ref></mentioned> (‘easy, smooth’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_riedeti"><ref target="#cog_lit_riedeti">riedė́ti</ref></mentioned> (‘to roll’), raidù (‘quick’), and Latvian raĩdît (‘to send hastily, urge, (reflexive) hurry’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rīdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rīdaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rīdai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rīdizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rīdaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rīdazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rīdaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rīdidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rīdai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rīdadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rīdadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rīdaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>rīdōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>rīdaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rīdadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rīdaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rīdadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rīdamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rīdaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rīdandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rīdaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rīdid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rīdaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rīdid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rīdandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rīdaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rīdandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rīdain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rīdandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rīdandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rīdaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>raid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ridį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>raist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ridīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>raid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ridī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>ridū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>ridīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>ridudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>ridīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ridum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ridīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ridud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ridīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ridun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ridīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>rīdandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>ridanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>rīdaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rīdan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>rīdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>riden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>rijden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>rieje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rīdan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>rīdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>riden, ryden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>ride</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>ryde, ride</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rīdan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>rīda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>riede</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>ride</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rīdan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>rītan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rīten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>reiten</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>reide</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>reiden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rīdan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>rīdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>riden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>rieden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>rieden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>ríða</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>ríða</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>reide, reid', reida</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>ríða</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norn</lang>
                      <orth>riða</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>ride, rida, ri</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>ríða</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>rithæ</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>ride</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>ríða</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>rīþa</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>rida</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                    <orth>*ᚱᛁᛞᚨᛉ (*ridaʀ)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                      <orth>-ríðr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>Atríðr, Fráríðr</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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