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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *rīstaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_rīstaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ristana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīstaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>rīstaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈriːs.tɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚱᛁᛊᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to cut, slash</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Related to *rīfaną, *rīpaną (‘to tear’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rīstō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rīstaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rīstai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rīstizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rīstaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rīst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rīstazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rīstaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rīstidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rīstai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rīstadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rīstadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rīstaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>rīstōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>rīstaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rīstadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rīstaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rīstadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rīstamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rīstaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rīstandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rīstaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rīstid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rīstaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rīstid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rīstandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rīstaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rīstandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rīstain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rīstandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rīstandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rīstaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>raist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ristį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>raist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ristīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>raist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ristī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>ristū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>ristīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>ristudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>ristīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ristum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ristīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ristud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ristīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ristun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ristīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>rīstandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>ristanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>rīstaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>rísta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>riste</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>rista</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>rísta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>riste</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>rista, riste</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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