<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *rōaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_rōaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ye" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₁roh₁-</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ye-</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_roana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rōaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>rōaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈrɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚱᛟᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7e</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to row</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ye"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ye">*h₁roh₁-</ref></mentioned> (ye-)-ti, from *h₁reh₁- (‘to row’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rōō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rōaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rōai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rōizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rōaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rōazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rōaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rōidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rōai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rōadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rōadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rōaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>rōōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>rōaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rōadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rōaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>rōadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rōamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rōaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rōandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rōaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rōid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rōaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rōid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rōandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rōaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rōandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rōain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rōandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rōandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rōaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rerō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>rerōį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rerōt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>rerōīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rerō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>rerōī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>rerōū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>rerōīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>rerōudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>rerōīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rerōum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>rerōīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rerōud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>rerōīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rerōun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>rerōīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>rōandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>rōanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>rōaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*ruoien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>roeyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>roeien</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>roei</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>rōwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>rowen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>row</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>row</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*rōia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>roie</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>roeie</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*ruojan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rüejen, rüegen, ruogen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>rojen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*rōian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>rōen, rōien, rōjen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>róa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>ro</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>rógva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>róa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>ro</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>róa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>rōa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>ro</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
