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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *rūmaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_rūmaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ave_rauuah" xml:lang="ave" type="cognate">
          <orth>𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬵-</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>rauuah-</orth>
          </form>
          <def>open space</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_chu_ravini" xml:lang="chu" type="cognate">
          <orth>равьнь</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ravĭnĭ</orth>
          </form>
          <def>open</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_rus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>rūs</orth>
          <def>country</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_roe" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>róe</orth>
          <def>field, open land</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_xto_raw" xml:lang="xto" type="cognate">
          <orth>räw-</orth>
          <def>to open</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h_rewh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(H)rewH-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_rumaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūmaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>rūmaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈruː.mɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚱᚢᛗᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>roomy, spacious, open</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *(H)ruHmos, an adjectival mo-stem from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h_rewh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h_rewh">*(H)rewH-</ref></mentioned> (‘to tear open’). Related to Tocharian A <mentioned xml:lang="xto" target="#cog_xto_raw"><ref target="#cog_xto_raw">räw-</ref></mentioned> (‘to open’), Avestan <mentioned xml:lang="ave" target="#cog_ave_rauuah"><ref target="#cog_ave_rauuah">𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬵-</ref></mentioned> (rauuah-, ‘open space’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_rus"><ref target="#cog_lat_rus">rūs</ref></mentioned> (‘country’), Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_roe"><ref target="#cog_sga_roe">róe</ref></mentioned> (‘field, open land’), Old Church Slavonic <mentioned xml:lang="chu" target="#cog_chu_ravini"><ref target="#cog_chu_ravini">равьнь</ref></mentioned> (ravĭnĭ, ‘open’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>rūmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>rūmō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>rūmą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>rūmai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>rūmôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>rūmō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>rūmanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>rūmǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>rūmą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>rūmanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>rūmōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>rūmō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>rūmas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>rūmaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>rūmas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>rūmaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>rūmaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>rūmaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>rūmammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>rūmaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>rūmammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>rūmaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>rūmaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>rūmaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>rūmanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>rūmaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>rūmanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>rūmaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>rūmaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>rūmaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>rūmô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>rūmǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>rūmô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>rūmaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>rūmōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>rūmōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>rūmanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>rūmōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>rūmô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>rūmanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>rūmōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>rūmōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>rūminiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>rūmōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>rūminiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>rūmanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>rūmōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>rūmanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>rūmini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>rūmōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>rūmini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>rūmammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>rūmōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>rūmammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>rūminē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>rūmōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>rūminē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>rūmammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>rūmōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>rūmammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rūm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*rūm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ruum</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>ruim</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>ruim</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Papiamentu</lang>
                          <orth>reimu, reim</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rūm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>rūm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>rum, roum</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>room</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>roum, rowm</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rūm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>rūm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>rüm</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>ruum</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>rom, rûm</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rūm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>rūmi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rūme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>raum</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*rūm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*rūm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>rūm</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>ruum, geruum</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>rúmr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>rum</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>rúmur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>rúmur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>rum</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>rom</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>rúmr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>rūmber</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>rum</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍃 (rums)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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