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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sabjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sabjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_sep" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*sep-</orth>
          <def>to taste, try out</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sabjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sabjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sabjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsɑβ.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚨᛒᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to know</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to taste; sense; perceive</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to notice</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sep"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sep">*sep-</ref></mentioned> (‘to taste, try out’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sabjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sabjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sabjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sabisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sabjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sabi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sabjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sabjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sabiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sabjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sabjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sabjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sabjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sabjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sabjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sabjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sabjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sabjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sabjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sabjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sabjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sabjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sabiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sabjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sabiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sabjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sabjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sabjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sabjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sabjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sabjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sabjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sōf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sōbį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sōft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sōbīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sōf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sōbī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sōbū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sōbīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sōbudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sōbīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sōbum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sōbīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sōbud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sōbīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sōbun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sōbīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>sabjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>sabanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>sabjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sabbjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*seffen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*biseffen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>beseffen, beseven</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>beseffen</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                            <orth>besef</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sabbjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*sebba, *seffa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>*biseffa</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>beseffe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sabbjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sebben, seffen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>*intsebben, *antsebben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>seben, entseben</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>entseben</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sabbjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>sebbian, seffian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>biseffian, afsebbian, afseffian, anseffian</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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