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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sadaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sadaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_sekw" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*sekʷ-</orth>
          <def>to follow</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_satis" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>satis</orth>
          <def>enough</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sadaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sadaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sadaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsɑ.ðɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚨᛞᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>full, sated</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂-tó-s, from *seh₂- (‘to satiate, satisfy’), related to Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_satis"><ref target="#cog_lat_satis">satis</ref></mentioned> (‘enough’). Despite Kroonen, not related to Old Armenian հաճ (hač, ‘satisfied’), which instead stems from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sekw"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sekw">*sekʷ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to follow’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>sadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>sadō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>sadą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>sadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>sadôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>sadō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>sadanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>sadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>sadą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>sadanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>sadōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>sadō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>sadas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>sadaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>sadas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>sadaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>sadaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>sadaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>sadammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>sadaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>sadammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>sadaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>sadaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>sadaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>sadanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>sadaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>sadanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>sadaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>sadaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>sadaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>sadô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>sadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>sadô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>sadaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>sadōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>sadōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>sadanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>sadōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>sadô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>sadanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>sadōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>sadōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>sadiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>sadōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>sadiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>sadanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>sadōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>sadanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>sadini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>sadōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>sadini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>sadammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>sadōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>sadammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>sadinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>sadōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>sadinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>sadammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>sadōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>sadammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sad</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>sat</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zat</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>sat</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sad</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sæd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sad, saad, sadd, zed, sæd, sead, sed</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sad</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sad</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Welsh</lang>
                        <orth>sad</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sad</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*sed</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sääd</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sêd</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sad</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sat</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>satt</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>sat</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>זאַט (zat)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sad</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>sad</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>satt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>saðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sat</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>saður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>saður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>sad</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌰𐌸𐍃 (saþs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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