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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *safjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_safjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_safjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/safjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>safjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsɑɸ.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚨᚠᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to perceive, notice</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *sh̥́₁p-ye-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p-. Related to Latin sapiō.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>safjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>safjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>safjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>safisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>safjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>safi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>safjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>safjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>safiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>safjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>safjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>safjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>safjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>safjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>safjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>safjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>safjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>safjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>safjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>safjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>safjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>safjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>safiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>safjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>safiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>safjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>safjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>safjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>safjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>safjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>safjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>safjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sōf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sōbį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sōft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sōbīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sōf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sōbī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sōbū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sōbīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sōbudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sōbīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sōbum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sōbīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sōbud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sōbīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sōbun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sōbīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>safjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>sabanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>safjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>anseffian</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>biseffian</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>intseffen</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>entseben</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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