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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sagjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sagjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sagjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sagjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sagjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsɑɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚨᚷᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to say</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Either from Proto-Indo-European eye-iterative or eye-intensive *sokʷ-éye-ti, or innovated stative *sokʷ-h₁-yé-ti, both from *sekʷ- (‘to say’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sagjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sagjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sagaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sagjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sagai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sagaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sagjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sagjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sagjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sagjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sagjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sagjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sagjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sagjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sagjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sagaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sagjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sagaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sagjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sagjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sagjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sagdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sagdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sagdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sagdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sagdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sagdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sagdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sagdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sagdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sagdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sagdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sagdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sagdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sagdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sagdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sagdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>sagjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>sagdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>sagjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*saggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>seggen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>seggen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>zègke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*saggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>seggen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>seggen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zeggen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>sê</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Javindo</lang>
                          <orth>seg, seggen, sèè</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>sääxxe</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Petjo</lang>
                          <orth>sehhen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*saggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>seċġan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>seggen, seyen, sayen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>say</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>say, sa</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*saggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>sedza, sidza</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sizze</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*saggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sagēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>sogn, sågn, song, soon, sång</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>sage</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>sagen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>soen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>ziön</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>זאָגן (zogn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*saggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sagēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>säge</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Alsatian</lang>
                          <orth>soeje, sawe, sàge</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Walser</lang>
                          <orth>sägä, séege, ŝchegi, ŝchége</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*saggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sagēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>säge</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swabian</lang>
                          <orth>?</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Sathmar Swabian</lang>
                            <orth>sage</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*saggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>seggian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>seggen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>seggen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>segja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>saja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>siga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>segja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Jamtish</lang>
                    <orth>segi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>seia, segja</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>segja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sæghiæ, sighæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>siğa, sæğa</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>segja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sæghiæ, sighæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>sige</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>si</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>segja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>segia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>säge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>segja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sæghia, sighia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>säga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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