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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *samaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_samaz_v2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_somhos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*somHós</orth>
          <def>same, alike</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_samaz_x2" type="determiner" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/samaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>samaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsɑ.mɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚨᛗᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>determiner</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>same, alike</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_somhos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_somhos">*somHós</ref></mentioned> (‘same, alike’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc">
              <orth>samaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem">
              <orth>samō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut">
              <orth>samą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc">
              <orth>samai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem">
              <orth>samôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut">
              <orth>samō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc">
              <orth>samanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem">
              <orth>samǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut">
              <orth>samą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc">
              <orth>samanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem">
              <orth>samōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut">
              <orth>samō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc">
              <orth>samas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem">
              <orth>samaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut">
              <orth>samas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc">
              <orth>samaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem">
              <orth>samaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut">
              <orth>samaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc">
              <orth>samammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem">
              <orth>samaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut">
              <orth>samammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc">
              <orth>samaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem">
              <orth>samaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut">
              <orth>samaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc">
              <orth>samanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem">
              <orth>samaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut">
              <orth>samanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc">
              <orth>samaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem">
              <orth>samaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut">
              <orth>samaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc">
              <orth>samô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem">
              <orth>samǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut">
              <orth>samô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc">
              <orth>samaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem">
              <orth>samōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut">
              <orth>samōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc">
              <orth>samanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem">
              <orth>samōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut">
              <orth>samô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc">
              <orth>samanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem">
              <orth>samōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut">
              <orth>samōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc">
              <orth>saminiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem">
              <orth>samōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut">
              <orth>saminiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc">
              <orth>samanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem">
              <orth>samōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut">
              <orth>samanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc">
              <orth>samini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem">
              <orth>samōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut">
              <orth>samini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc">
              <orth>samammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem">
              <orth>samōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut">
              <orth>samammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc">
              <orth>saminē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem">
              <orth>samōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut">
              <orth>saminē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc">
              <orth>samammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem">
              <orth>samōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut">
              <orth>samammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sam</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sam</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>sam</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sam</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*sam</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sam</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sam</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>same, sama, some</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>same</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>same</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>samr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>samur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>samur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>samme</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>same</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>samr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>same</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>same</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>samr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>samæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>samme</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>samr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>samber</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>samma</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (sama)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*sama</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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