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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *samnōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_samnōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_sem" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*sem-</orth>
          <def>one, same</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_samnona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/samnōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>samnōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsɑm.nɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚨᛗᚾᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bring together; gather; collect; assemble</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *samanai (‘together’) + *-ōną, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sem"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sem">*sem-</ref></mentioned> (‘one’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>samnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>samnǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>samnōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>samnōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>samnōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>samnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>samnōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>samnōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>samnōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>samnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>samnōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>samnōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>samnōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>samnōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>samnōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>samnōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>samnōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>samnōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>samnōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>samnōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>samnōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>samnōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>samnōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>samnōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>samnōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>samnōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>samnōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>samnōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>samnōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>samnōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>samnōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>samnōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>samnōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>samnōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>samnōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>samnōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>samnōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>samnōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>samnōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>samnōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>samnōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>samnōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>samnōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>samnōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>samnōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>samnōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>samnōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>samnōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>samnōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>samnōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>samnōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*samnōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>samenia, samnia, somnia, samena</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*samnōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>samanon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sāmenen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*samnōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>samnian, somnian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>samnen, sammen, somnien, sumnien</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sam</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sammer</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*samnōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>samanōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>samenen, samnen, samen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*samnōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>samnoian, samnōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sāmenen, sammenen, samnen, sammen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*samanōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>samenia, samnia, somnia, samena</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*samanōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>samanon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sāmenen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*samanōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>samnian, somnian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>samnen, sammen, somnien, sumnien</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sam</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sammer</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*samanōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>samanōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>samenen, samnen, samen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*samanōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>samnoian, samnōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sāmenen, sammenen, samnen, sammen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>samna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>savna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>samna, safna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>samna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>safna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>savna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>samna, safna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>samna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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