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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sandijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sandijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sandijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sandijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sandijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsɑn.di.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚨᚾᛞᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to send</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *sinþaną + *-janą, with quasi-Indo-European form *sont-éye-ti. Related to *sinnaną (‘to feel, consider, head for’), with Kroonen considering *sandijaną as the causative of *sinnaną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sandijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sandijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sandijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sandīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sandijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sandī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sandijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sandijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sandīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sandijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sandijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sandijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sandijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sandijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sandijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sandijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sandijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sandijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sandijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sandijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sandijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sandijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sandīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sandijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sandīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sandijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sandijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sandijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sandijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sandijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sandijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sandijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sandidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sandidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sandidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sandidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sandidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sandidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sandidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sandidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sandidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sandidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sandidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sandidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sandidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sandidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sandidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sandidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>sandijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>sandidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>sandijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sandijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>senden</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>senden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zenden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>zènje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sandijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sendan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>senden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>send</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sandijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sendan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>senden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>send</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Esperanto</lang>
                          <orth>sendi</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sandijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>senda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>seende</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>seine</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sandijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sendan, senten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>senden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>senden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>senden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sandijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>sendian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>senden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>senden, sengen, sennen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>senda</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>senda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>sände</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>senda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>senda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>sænða</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>senda</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sændæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>sende</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>sende</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>senda</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sænda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>sända</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (sandjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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