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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sauþaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sauþaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2sewt" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂sewt-</orth>
          <def>to roil</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sauthaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sauþaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sauþaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsɑu̯.θɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚨᚢᚦᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>boiling; seething</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>wellspring; fountain; source</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>well</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="4">
            <def>pit</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2sewt"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2sewt">*h₂sewt-</ref></mentioned> (‘to roil’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>sauþaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>sauþōz, sauþōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>sauþą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>sauþanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>sauþas, sauþis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>sauþǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>sauþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>sauþamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>sauþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>sauþamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>sauþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>sauþōz, sauþōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sauþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sēaþ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>seath, sæth, seth</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>seath, seth</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sauþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>sāth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Sood</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>saad</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sauþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*soud, *sōd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sōt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Sood</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sauþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*sōth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sôt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Sood</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᛊᚨᚢᛞᛉ (*saudʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                    <orth>*sāvcë</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᛊᚨᚢᛞᛉ (*saudʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>sauðr, seyðr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                      <orth>suð</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>seyður</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Greenlandic</lang>
                      <orth>sava</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>sauður</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Jamtish</lang>
                      <orth>souð (sau)</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>sauþr, soyþr</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᛊᚨᚢᛞᛉ (*saudʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>sauðr, seyðr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>sau, saud, saud’e</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>sau</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᛊᚨᚢᛞᛉ (*saudʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>sauðr, seyðr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>sø̄þer</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>söd, sö</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                  <orth>sauþr</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                  <orth>soyþr</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (sauþs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*hauta</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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