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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sehwaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sehwaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_sekw" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*sekʷ-</orth>
          <def>to follow</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sehwana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sehwaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sehwaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈse.xʷɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛖᚺᚹᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 5</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to see</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *sekʷ-e-ti, thematic root present of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sekw"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sekw">*sekʷ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to see, notice’), possibly related to *sagjaz (“companion, friend”, literally “follower”).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sehwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sehwaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sehwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sihwizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sehwaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sehw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sehwazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sehwaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sihwidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sehwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sehwadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sehwadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sehwaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sehwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sehwaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sehwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sehwaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sehwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sehwamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sehwaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sehwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sehwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sihwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sehwaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sihwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sehwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sehwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sehwandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sehwain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sehwandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sehwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sehwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sahw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sēwį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>saht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sēwīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sahw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sēwī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sēgū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sēwīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sēgudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sēwīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sēgum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sēwīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sēgud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sēwīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sēgun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sēwīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>sehwandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>sewanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>sehwaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sehwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*sehan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sian</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>sien</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                          <orth>zeen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sehwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*sehan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sian</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>sien</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>zien</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                            <orth>sien</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Javindo</lang>
                            <orth>sien, siet</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                            <orth>zîn, zîne</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sehwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sēon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>seen, se, sein, sen, sien, seo, seon, soe, son, suen, zi</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>see</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>zee, zie, ze, zey, sau</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sehwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sēon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>seen, se, sein, sen, sien, seo, seon, soe, son, suen, zi</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Scots</lang>
                        <orth>se, see, sie</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>see, sie, sey</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sehwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>siā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sjo</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sjen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sehwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sehan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sëhen, sēn, sien</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>segn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>sehn, senn, siehn, sinn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>sehen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Mòcheno</lang>
                        <orth>sechen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                        <orth>sehne</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>zaon</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>זען (zen)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sehwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>sehan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sehen, sēn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>sehn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sjá</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽 (saiƕan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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