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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *seukaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_seukaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_seukaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seukaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>seukaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈseu̯.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛖᚢᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>sick</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *seukaną (‘to be sick’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>seukaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>seukō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>seuką, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>seukai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>seukôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>seukō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>seukanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>seukǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>seuką, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>seukanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>seukōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>seukō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>seukas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>seukaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>seukas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>seukaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>seukaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>seukaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>seukammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>seukaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>seukammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>seukaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>seukaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>seukaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>seukanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>seukaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>seukanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>seukaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>seukaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>seukaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>seukô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>seukǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>seukô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>seukaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>seukōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>seukōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>seukanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>seukōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>seukô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>seukanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>seukōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>seukōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>seukiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>seukōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>seukiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>seukanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>seukōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>seukanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>seukini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>seukōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>seukini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>seukammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>seukōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>seukammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>seukinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>seukōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>seukinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>seukammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>seukōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>seukammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*seuk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>siec</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>siec</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>ziek</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>siek</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>siki</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Javindo</lang>
                          <orth>siek</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>siek, sik</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Petjo</lang>
                          <orth>ziek</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Saramaccan</lang>
                          <orth>síki</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*seuk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>siec</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>siec</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>ziek</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>siki</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin</lang>
                            <orth>siki, sikisiki</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*seuk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sēoc, sēc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sik</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>seek, seeck</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>zeek</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*seuk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sēoc, sēc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sik</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sick</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>sick</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Navajo</lang>
                          <orth>sxih</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Tamil</lang>
                          <orth>சீக்கு (cīkku)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Tok Pisin</lang>
                          <orth>sik</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*seuk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>siāk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sük</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>säik, süük</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>siik</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*seuk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sioh, siuh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>siech</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>siech</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>siech</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*seuk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>siok</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sêk, sîk, sǖk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>siek</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch Low Saxon</lang>
                          <orth>seek</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>seek, süük, söök, sääk</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sjúkr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>siouk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>sjúkur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>sjaukar</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sjúkur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>sjúger, śöger</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sjúkr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>sjuk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>sjuk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sjúkr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>siūkær, sȳk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>syg</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>syk</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sjúkr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>siūker</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>sjuk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌺𐍃 (siuks)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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