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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *siniz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_siniz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_senos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*sénos</orth>
          <def>old</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_senex" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>senex</orth>
          <def>old, aged, advanced in years; old man</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_senas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>sẽnas</orth>
          <def>old, previous, ancient</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_siniz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/siniz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>siniz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsi.niz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛁᚾᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>old</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_senos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_senos">*sénos</ref></mentioned> (‘of last year, old’) with change to an i-stem. Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_senas"><ref target="#cog_lit_senas">sẽnas</ref></mentioned> (‘old, previous, ancient’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_senex"><ref target="#cog_lat_senex">senex</ref></mentioned> (‘old, aged, advanced in years; old man’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>siniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>sinī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>sinį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>sinjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>sinjôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>sinjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>sinjanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>sinjǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>sinį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>sinjanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>sinjōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>sinjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>sinjas, sinis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>sinjaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>sinjas, sinis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>sinjaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>sinjaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>sinjaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>sinjammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>sinjaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>sinjammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>sinjaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>sinjaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>sinjaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>sinjanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>sinjaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>sinjanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>sinjaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>sinjaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>sinjaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>sinjô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>sinjǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>sinjô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>sinjaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>sinjōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>sinjōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>sinjanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>sinjōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>sinjô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>sinjanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>sinjōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>sinjōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>sininiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>sinjōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>sininiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>sinjanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>sinjōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>sinjanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>sinini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>sinjōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>sinini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>sinjammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>sinjōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>sinjammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>sininē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>sinjōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>sininē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>sinjammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>sinjōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>sinjammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>sine-</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>sin-, sen-</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>sengreen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>sin-</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>sin-, sen-</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>sengreen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>sin</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>sin</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>sin-</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>singrüene, sinhol, sinwel, sintvluot, sintvluz, sintvarwe, sintwāc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Sintflut, Singrün</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sina</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sina</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>sina</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sina</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sí-</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sina</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>sina</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sina</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
