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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sitjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sitjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_hezomai" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ἕζομαι</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>hézomai</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sitjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sitjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sitjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsit.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛁᛏᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to sit</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *sédyeti, from the root *sed- (‘to sit’). Formal cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_hezomai"><ref target="#cog_grc_hezomai">ἕζομαι</ref></mentioned> (hézomai).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sitjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sitjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sitjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sitisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sitjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>siti</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sitjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sitjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sitiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sitjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sitjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sitjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sitjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sitjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sitjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sitjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sitjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sitjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sitjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sitjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sitjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sitjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sitiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sitjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sitiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sitjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sitjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sitjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sitjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sitjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sitjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sitjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sat</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sētį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sast</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sētīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sat</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sētī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sētū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sētīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sētudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sētīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sētum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sētīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sētud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sētīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sētun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sētīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>sitjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>setanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>sitjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sittjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>sitten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sitten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zitten</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>sit</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sittjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sittan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sitten, zitten, zitte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>zit</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sittjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>sitta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sitte</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sittjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sitzen, sizzen, sitten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sitzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>setze</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>zètzan</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>sitzen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>sëtzen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>זיצן (zitsn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sittjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>sittian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sitten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>sitten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sitja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>sittja, sitta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>sita</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sitja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Jamtish</lang>
                    <orth>siti</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>sidda, sidde, sidja, sikia, sikje, sitja, sitje, sitta, sitte</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sitja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sitiæ, sitæ, sittæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>seda</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sitja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sitiæ, sitæ, sittæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>sidde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>sitte</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sitja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>sitia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>sitä, site, sitte</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sitja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sitia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>sitta</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (sitan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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