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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skaibaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skaibaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_skibs" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>šķìbs</orth>
          <def>crooked</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_skybas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>skybas</orth>
          <def>wedge-like piece of land</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skaibaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaibaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skaibaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskɑi̯.βɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>slanted, oblique, inclined, sloping</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *skoy-pó-s, which may be a derivative of *skey- (‘to split’). Orel compares Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_skybas"><ref target="#cog_lit_skybas">skybas</ref></mentioned> (‘wedge-like piece of land’), Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_skibs"><ref target="#cog_lav_skibs">šķìbs</ref></mentioned> (‘crooked’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaibaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaibō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaibą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaibai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaibôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaibō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaibanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaibǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaibą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaibanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaibōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaibō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaibas, skaibis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaibaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaibas, skaibis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaibaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaibaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaibaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaibammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaibaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaibammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaibaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaibaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaibaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaibanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaibaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaibanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaibaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaibaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaibaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaibô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaibǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaibô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaibaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaibōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaibōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaibanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaibōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaibô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaibanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaibōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaibōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaibiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaibōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaibiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaibanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaibōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaibanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaibini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaibōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaibini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaibammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaibōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaibammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaibinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaibōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaibinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaibammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaibōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaibammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaib</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*skēf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>scheef, scheiff, scheyff</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>scheef</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>skeef</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaib</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*sċāb, *sċāf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>sċābfōt, sċāffōt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaib</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*skēf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skiaf</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skeeuw</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skeef</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaib</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*skeib, *skeif</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*scheip, *scheif</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>scheif, scheib</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaib</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>skēf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schêf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>scheev</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaib</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>skēf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schêf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>*schēf, schief, schīf</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>schief</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaif</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*skēf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>scheef, scheiff, scheyff</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>scheef</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>skeef</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaif</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*sċāb, *sċāf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>sċābfōt, sċāffōt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaif</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*skēf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skiaf</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skeeuw</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skeef</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaif</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*skeib, *skeif</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*scheip, *scheif</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>scheif, scheib</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaif</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>skēf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schêf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>scheev</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaif</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>skēf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schêf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>*schēf, schief, schīf</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>schief</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skeifr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>skeivur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>skaiv</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>skeifur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skeifr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>skeiv, skeiv'u, skeiv'e</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>skeiv</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skeifr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>skev</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>skæv, skjæv, skjev</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>skjev</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skeifr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>skēver</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>skev</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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