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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skaiþaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skaiþaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skaithana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaiþaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skaiþaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskɑi̯.θɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᚨᛁᚦᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7a</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to separate</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *skóyt-e-ti, the o-grade of a t-extension of *skey- (‘to split, dissect’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skaiþaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>skaiþōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>skaiþaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skaiþadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skaiþaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skaiþadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skaiþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skeskaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skeskaidį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skeskaist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skeskaidīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skeskaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skeskaidī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>skeskaidū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>skeskaidīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>skeskaidudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>skeskaidīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skeskaidum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skeskaidīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skeskaidud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skeskaidīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skeskaidun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skeskaidīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>skaiþandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>skaidanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>skaiþaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaiþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>skeithan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>scheiden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>sjeie</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaiþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>skeithan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>scheiden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>scheiden</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>skei</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>skeid, skei, skee, skej</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Petjo</lang>
                          <orth>scheien, schejen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaiþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sċēadan, sċādan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sheden, scheden, schoden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>shed</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sched, scheid, schade</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaiþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>skētha</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skeede</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skiede</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaiþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>skeidan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>scheiden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>scheide</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>scheiden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>scheeden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaiþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>skēthan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schêden, scheiden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>scheden, scheiden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>skeda</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (skaidan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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