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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skattaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skattaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_scateo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>scateō</orth>
          <def>pour out, gush forth</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skattaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skattaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skattaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskɑt.tɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᚨᛏᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>cattle, cows</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>owndom, wealth, goods</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>hoard, treasure, money</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Of uncertain origin; numerous unconvincing proposals have been suggested. Kroonen rejects the traditional derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *skatn-, *skat- (‘to jump, skip, splash out’), via which Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_scateo"><ref target="#cog_lat_scateo">scateō</ref></mentioned> (‘pour out, gush forth’) was linked, and leaves the origin open, with quasi-Indo-European form *skh₁dʰ-nó-s, based on a presumed relation to Proto-Germanic *skēdaną (whence Westphalian Low German schåen (‘to yield’) &lt; *skéh₁dʰ-e-).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>skattaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>skattōz, skattōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>skattą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>skattanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>skattas, skattis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>skattǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>skattai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>skattamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>skattō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>skattamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>skatt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>skattōz, skattōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skatt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>escat</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skatt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>skat</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>schat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>sjat</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skatt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>skat</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>schat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>schat</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>skat</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skatt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sċeatt, sċeat, sċætt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>sceat</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skatt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sċeatt, sċeat, sċætt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>schat, sat, schet, scet</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                        <orth>scata, sceatta</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skatt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>skett, skat, sket, schet</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Skät</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skat</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skatt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>skaz, scaz</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>schaz, schatz</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Schatz</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Schatz</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skatt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>skat, skatt, scat</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Schatt</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Schatt</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skattr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>skat</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>skattur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>skattur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>skatt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skattr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>scat, skatte</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>scat</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>scatt, skatt, skait</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skattr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>skatter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>skatt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃 (skatts)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Church Slavonic</lang>
                    <orth>скотъ (skotŭ)</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Russian</lang>
                    <orth>скот (skot)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*skāttē</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
