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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skaþulaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skaþulaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skathulaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaþulaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skaþulaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskɑ.θu.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᚨᚦᚢᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>tending to cause harm, harmful</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *skaþōną + *-ulaz.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaþulō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaþulą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaþulai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaþulôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaþulō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaþulanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaþulǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaþulą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaþulanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaþulōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaþulō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaþulas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaþulas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaþulammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaþulammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaþulanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaþulanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>skaþulaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaþulô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaþulǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaþulô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaþulaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaþulanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaþulô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaþulanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaþuliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaþuliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaþulanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaþulanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaþulini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaþulini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaþulammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaþulammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaþulinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaþulinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>skaþulammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>skaþulōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>skaþulammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaþul</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>scadel</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skaþul</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*sceaþol</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>scathel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>scathel, scaddle, skaddle, skedaddle</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌻𐍃 (skaþuls)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
