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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skeubaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skeubaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_skubeti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>skubė́ti</orth>
          <def>to hurry, rush</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_ksubh" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>क्षुभ्</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>kṣubh</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to throw, shake, agitate</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skeubana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeubaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skeubaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskeu̯.βɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᛖᚢᛒᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to push, drive</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-, *skūbʰ- (‘to push, drive, move forward’), possibly metathesized from *ksewbʰ- (compare Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_ksubh"><ref target="#cog_san_ksubh">क्षुभ्</ref></mentioned> (kṣubh, ‘to throw, shake, agitate’)). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_skubeti"><ref target="#cog_lit_skubeti">skubė́ti</ref></mentioned> (‘to hurry, rush’), Polish skubać (‘to pull quickly, pluck’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skeubō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skeubaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skeubai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skiubizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skeubaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skeub</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skeubazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skeubaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skiubidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skeubai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skeubadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skeubadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skeubaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>skeubōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>skeubaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skeubadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skeubaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skeubadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skeubamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skeubaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skeubandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skeubaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skiubid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skeubaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skiubid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skeubandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skeubaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skeubandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skeubain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skeubandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skeubandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skeubaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skaub</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skubį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skauft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skubīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skaub</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skubī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>skubū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>skubīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>skubudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>skubīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skubum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skubīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skubud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skubīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skubun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skubīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>skeubandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>skubanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>skeubaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skeuban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*skiāva, *skiōua, skūva</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>schuuwe, skuuwe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skeuban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*skiāva, *skiōua, skūva</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sjouwe, skowe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>sjouwen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>sjove</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>sjåa</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skeuban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*scūvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>schuven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>sjuve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skeuban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*scūvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>schuven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>schuiven</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>skuif, skuiwe</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skeuban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sċēofan, sċūfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>schouven, shoven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>shove</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>shuve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skeuban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sciopan, scioban</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>schieben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>schiebe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skeuban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sciopan, scioban</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>schieben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schieben</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Polish</lang>
                          <orth>szybować</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skeuban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*skiovan, *skūvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schûven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>skuffe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>schuven</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>skuffa</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*skjófa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>skue</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>skúfa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*skjófa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>skyva, skyve, skuva</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>skyve</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*skjófa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>skiūva, skūva</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>skjuva, skuva</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skúfa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>skue</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>skúfa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skúfa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>skyva, skyve, skuva</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>skyve</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skúfa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>skiūva, skūva</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>skjuva, skuva</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*skiuban)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌽 (afskiuban)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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