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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skraudaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skraudaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_skriaudus" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>skriaudùs</orth>
          <def>blunt, insulting; torrential; brittle</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skraudana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skraudaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skraudaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskrɑu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᚱᚨᚢᛞᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7b</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to cut up, to shred</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *skrówdʰ-e-ti, from *skrewdʰ- (‘to cut, shred’); cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_skriaudus"><ref target="#cog_lit_skriaudus">skriaudùs</ref></mentioned> (‘blunt, insulting; torrential; brittle’). The root may be an extension of a root *skrew- (‘to cut; cutting tool’), itself an extension of *(s)ker- (‘to cut’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skraudō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skraudaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skraudai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skraudizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skraudaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skraud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skraudazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skraudaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skraudidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skraudai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skraudadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skraudadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skraudaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>skraudōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>skraudaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skraudadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skraudaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skraudadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skraudamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skraudaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skraudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skraudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skraudid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skraudaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skraudid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skraudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skraudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skraudandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skraudain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skraudandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skraudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skraudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skeskraud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skeskraudį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skeskraust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skeskraudīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skeskraud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skeskraudī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>skeskraudū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>skeskraudīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>skeskraududiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>skeskraudīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skeskraudum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skeskraudīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skeskraudud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skeskraudīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skeskraudun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skeskraudīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>skraudandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>skraudanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>skraudaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skraudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>skrēda</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skraudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*scrōdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>schrôden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>schrooien</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skraudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>skrōtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>schrōten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>schroote</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schroten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skraudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*skrōdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schrôden, schrâden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>schraden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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