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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skrīaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skrīaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skriana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skrīaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skrīaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskriː.ɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᚱᛁᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to caw, screech</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to shout, scream, cry out</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">—</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skrīō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skrīaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skrīai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skrīizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skrīaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skrī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skrīazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skrīaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skrīidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skrīai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skrīadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skrīadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skrīaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>skrīōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>skrīaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skrīadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skrīaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skrīadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skrīamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skrīaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skrīandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skrīaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skrīid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skrīaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skrīid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skrīandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skrīaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skrīandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skrīain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skrīandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skrīandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skrīaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skriį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skrait</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skriīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skriī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>skriū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>skriīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>skriudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>skriīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skrium</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skriīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skriud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skriīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skriun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skriīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>skrīandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>skrianaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>skrīaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skrīan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sċrēon</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>skrīa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skrīan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>skrīan, *scrīan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>schriën</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>schriën, schrieën</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skrīan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>escrier, acrier, escrïer</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ascrien, ascryen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>scry</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skrīan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>escrier, acrier, escrïer</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>escrier, écrier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>écrier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skrīan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>scrīan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>schrīen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>schriie</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schreien</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>schreue</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>שרײַען (shrayen)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skrīan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*skrīan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schrîen, schrîgen, scrîen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>schrien, schriegen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*skría</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>skrike</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*skría</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>skrīa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>skria</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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