<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skuftą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skuftą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_cub" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*čubъ</orth>
          <def>forelock, crest</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_cup" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*čupъ</orth>
          <def>kink, crook</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_kewp" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)kewp-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skufta" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuftą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skuftą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskuɸ.tɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᚢᚠᛏᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a bundle, hair</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *skup-to-s, of uncertain further origin. Pfeifer derives the term from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kewp"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kewp">*(s)kewp-</ref></mentioned> (‘tuft, cluster, hair on the head’), related to Middle High German schopf (‘tuft, headhair, forehead’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_cub"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_cub">*čubъ</ref></mentioned> (‘forelock, crest’) (itself of dubious relation to Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_cup"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_cup">*čupъ</ref></mentioned> (‘kink, crook’)), and perhaps Albanian çup (‘without tail, maimed’). Compare to *skaubą and Proto-Indo-European *skub-, *skup-, *skupn- (‘to curve, bow, vault’). Kroonen is skeptical of the connection to Slavic, and leaves the origin open.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>skuftą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>skuftō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>skuftą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>skuftō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>skuftas, skuftis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>skuftǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>skuftai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>skuftamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>skuftō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>skuftamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>skuftą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>skuftō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skuft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>skuft</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skopt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>skott</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>skoft</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍆𐍄 (skuft)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
