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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skuldiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skuldiz_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skuldiz_2" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skuldiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskul.diz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᚢᛚᛞᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bound, obliged</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Derived from *skulaną (‘to owe’), and thus of the same origin as the "debt" sense of Etymology 1.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>skuldiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>skuldī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>skuldį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>skuldijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>skuldijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>skuldijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>skuldijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>skuldijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>skuldį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>skuldijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>skuldijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>skuldijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>skuldijas, skuldīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>skuldijas, skuldīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>skuldijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>skuldijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>skuldijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>skuldijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>skuldijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>skuldijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>skuldijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>skuldijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>skuldijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>skuldijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>skuldijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>skuldijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>skuldīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>skuldīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>skuldijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>skuldijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>skuldīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>skuldīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>skuldijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>skuldijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>skuldīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>skuldīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>skuldijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>skuldijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>skuldijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skyldr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>skyldur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>skylder</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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