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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skulō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skulō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_kelh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)kelH-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skulo_x2" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skulō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skulō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsku.lɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᚢᛚᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>troop; group</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kelh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kelh">*(s)kelH-</ref></mentioned> (‘to split, divide’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>skulō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>skulôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>skulǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>skulōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>skulōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>skulǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>skulōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>skulōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>skulō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>skulōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>skulō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>skulôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skolu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Latin</lang>
                    <orth>schola</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skolu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*skola</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>schōle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>skole</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>school</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skolu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*skola</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>schōle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>scole</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>school</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>scule, scuill, skole</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skolu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sċolu, sċeolu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>*schole</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>shoal</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>schole</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skolu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*skole</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skoal</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skolu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*skole</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bökingharde</lang>
                        <orth>schölj</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Fering</lang>
                        <orth>skuul</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Halunder</lang>
                        <orth>Skuul, Söl'ring: Skuul</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Öömrang</lang>
                        <orth>skuul</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skolu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>scola, skola</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schōle</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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