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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skurtaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skurtaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_curtus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>curtus</orth>
          <def>shortened, incomplete</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_kort_k_x2" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*kortъkъ</orth>
          <def>short</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_kerdh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)kerdʰ-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skurtaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skurtaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skurtaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskur.tɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᚢᚱᛏᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>short</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>lacking, deficient</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Deverbal from *skertaną (‘to cut (off), shorten’) or the iterative *skurttōną (compare *skurtōną, possibly continuing it), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kerdh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kerdh">*(s)kerdʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to cut up’), assuming the Germanic *-t- was originally *-tt- as in the iterative (from *(s)kr̥dʰ-n-éh₂-). Compare also Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_curtus"><ref target="#cog_lat_curtus">curtus</ref></mentioned> (‘shortened, incomplete’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_kort_k_x2"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_kort_k_x2">*kortъkъ</ref></mentioned> (‘short’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>skurtaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>skurtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>skurtą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>skurtai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>skurtôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>skurtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>skurtanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>skurtǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>skurtą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>skurtanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>skurtōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>skurtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>skurtas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>skurtaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>skurtas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>skurtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>skurtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>skurtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>skurtammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>skurtaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>skurtammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>skurtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>skurtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>skurtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>skurtanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>skurtaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>skurtanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>skurtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>skurtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>skurtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>skurtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>skurtǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>skurtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>skurtaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>skurtōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>skurtōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>skurtanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>skurtōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>skurtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>skurtanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>skurtōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>skurtōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>skurtiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>skurtōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>skurtiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>skurtanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>skurtōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>skurtanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>skurtini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>skurtōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>skurtini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>skurtammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>skurtōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>skurtammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>skurtinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>skurtōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>skurtinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>skurtammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>skurtōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>skurtammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skurt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*skort</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skurt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sċort, sċeort</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>schort</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>schort, short</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skurt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sċort, sċeort</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>schort</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>short</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>French</lang>
                          <orth>short</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Vietnamese</lang>
                            <orth>soóc</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skurt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>scurt, scurz</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>schurz</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Schurz</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skortr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>skort</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>skortur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>skortur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>skort</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>skort</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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