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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *skītaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_skītaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_skhizo" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>σχῐ́ζω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>skhĭ́zō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to split</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_sikti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>šikti</orth>
          <def>to defecate, shit</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_cediti" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*cěditi</orth>
          <def>to strain, filter</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_skitana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skītaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>skītaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈskiː.tɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚲᛁᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to defecate, to shit</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">According to Orel, from Proto-Indo-European *skéydt, from *skeyd- (‘to cut off’) (though Kroonen is implicitly skeptical). Cognates include Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_sikti"><ref target="#cog_lit_sikti">šikti</ref></mentioned> (‘to defecate, shit’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_cediti"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_cediti">*cěditi</ref></mentioned> (‘to strain, filter’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_skhizo"><ref target="#cog_grc_skhizo">σχῐ́ζω</ref></mentioned> (skhĭ́zō, ‘to split’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skītō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skītaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skītai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skītizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skītaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skīt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skītazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skītaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skītidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skītai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skītadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skītadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skītaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>skītōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>skītaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skītadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skītaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>skītadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skītamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skītaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skītandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skītaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skītid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skītaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skītid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skītandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skītaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skītandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skītain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skītandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skītandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skītaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skait</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>skitį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skaist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>skitīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skait</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>skitī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>skitū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>skitīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>skitudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>skitīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skitum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>skitīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skitud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>skitīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skitun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>skitīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>skītandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>skitanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>skītaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skītan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*skītan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Walloon</lang>
                      <orth>schiter</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skītan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*skītan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>schiten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>schijten</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>sjiete</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skītan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sċītan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>schiten, schite, schyte, schytyn, shyte, shytyn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>shit, shite</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>shit</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skītan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>skīta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skiete</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>skite</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skītan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>skīzan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>schīzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>scheißen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>scheise</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>schäissen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*skītan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>skītan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>schīten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>schieten</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Westphalian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skíta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>skíta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>skíta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>skite</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>skita, skite</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skíta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>skiten, skyten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>skite</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skíta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>skitæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>skide</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>skíta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>skīta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>skita</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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