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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sleutaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sleutaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_claudo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>claudō</orth>
          <def>close</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_clavis" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>clāvis</orth>
          <def>key, bar, bolt</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_kliudyti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>kliudyti</orth>
          <def>to hamper, obstruct</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_clo" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>cló</orth>
          <def>nail</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_kel" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)kel-</orth>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_klewd" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)klewd-</orth>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_kleh2w_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)kleh₂w-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sleutana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sleutaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sleutaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛚᛖᚢᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bolt, lock</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to shut, close</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Of uncertain origin.</seg>
            <seg type="p">Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_klewd"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_klewd">*(s)klewd-</ref></mentioned> (‘to lock’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kleh2w_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kleh2w_x2">*(s)kleh₂w-</ref></mentioned> (‘nail, hook, pin, key’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kel"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kel">*(s)kel-</ref></mentioned> (‘to crook, bend’), and compared with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_clavis"><ref target="#cog_lat_clavis">clāvis</ref></mentioned> (‘key, bar, bolt’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_claudo"><ref target="#cog_lat_claudo">claudō</ref></mentioned> (‘close’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_kliudyti"><ref target="#cog_lit_kliudyti">kliudyti</ref></mentioned> (‘to hamper, obstruct’), Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_clo"><ref target="#cog_sga_clo">cló</ref></mentioned> (‘nail’).</seg>
            <seg type="p">Kroonen, however, considers the word restricted to Germanic, and leaves its origin open, while Orel tentatively connects the word to *lūtaną (‘to bow down’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sleutō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sleutaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sleutai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sliutizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sleutaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sleut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sleutazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sleutaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sliutidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sleutai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sleutadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sleutadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sleutaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sleutōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sleutaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sleutadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sleutaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sleutadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sleutamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sleutaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sleutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sleutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sliutid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sleutaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sliutid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sleutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sleutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sleutandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sleutain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sleutandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sleutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sleutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slaut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slutį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slaust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slutīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slaut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slutī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>slutū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>slutīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>slutudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>slutīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slutum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slutīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slutud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slutīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slutun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slutīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>sleutandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>slutanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>sleutaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sleutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*slūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sluten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>sloete</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sleutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*slūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sluten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>sluiten</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>sluit</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>slokti</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Saramaccan</lang>
                          <orth>sòotó</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sleutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>slūta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sluute, slute</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>slute</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sleutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sliozan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sliezen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schließen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>schléissen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>שליסן (shlisn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sleutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*slūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>slûten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>sluten, slüten</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>slutte, slutta</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>sluta</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sleutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*slūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>slûten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>slutte</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                          <orth>slutte</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
