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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *slinkaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_slinkaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_slenk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*slenk-</orth>
          <def>to wind, twist, slink, creep</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_slinkti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>sliñkti</orth>
          <def>to creep, sneak</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_slinkana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slinkaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>slinkaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsliŋ.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛚᛁᚾᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to creep; crawl; slink</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Close to the synonym *slingwaną, though with some formal difficulty. Presumably degeminated from earlier *slenkk-, from pre-Germanic *sln̥k-né(h₂)- or similar with a return to the full grade, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_slenk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_slenk">*slenk-</ref></mentioned> (‘to wind, twist, slink, creep’) (or perhaps *slenkʷ-); this could explain the different coda stop reflexes without needing to assume two separate PIE roots. Related to Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_slinkti"><ref target="#cog_lit_slinkti">sliñkti</ref></mentioned> (‘to creep, sneak’). Perhaps partly sound-symbolic or onomatopoeic.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slinkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slinkaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slinkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slinkizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slinkaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slink</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slinkazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slinkaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slinkidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slinkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slinkadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slinkadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slinkaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>slinkōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>slinkaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>slinkadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>slinkaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>slinkadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slinkamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slinkaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slinkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slinkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slinkid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slinkaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slinkid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slinkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slinkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slinkandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slinkain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slinkandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slinkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slinkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slank</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slunkį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slanht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slunkīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slank</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slunkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>slunkū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>slunkīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>slunkudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>slunkīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slunkum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slunkīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slunkud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slunkīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slunkun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slunkīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>slinkandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>slunkanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>slinkaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>slincan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>slynken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>slink</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>slink</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*slinka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>slinke</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>slinke</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*slinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>slinken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>slinken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*slinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>slinken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>slinken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*slinka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>slinke, slink', slinka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*slinka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>slinka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>slinka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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