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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *slīpaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_slīpaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_olibros" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ὀλιβρός</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>olibrós</orth>
          </form>
          <def>smooth</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_sley" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*sley-</orth>
          <def>smooth; slick; sticky; slimy</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_slipana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slīpaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>slīpaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsliː.pɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛚᛁᛈᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to slide</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to grind</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to make smooth; sharpen</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sley"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sley">*sley-</ref></mentioned> (‘smooth; slick; sticky; slimy’). Cognate with Cornish lym, Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_olibros"><ref target="#cog_grc_olibros">ὀλιβρός</ref></mentioned> (olibrós, ‘smooth’), Latin limax.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slīpō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slīpaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slīpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slīpizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slīpaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slīp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slīpazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slīpaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slīpidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slīpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slīpadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slīpadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slīpaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>slīpōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>slīpaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>slīpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>slīpaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>slīpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slīpamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slīpaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slīpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slīpaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slīpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slīpandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slīpain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slīpandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slaip</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>slipį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slaift</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>slipīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slaip</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>slipī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>slipū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>slipīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>slipudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>slipīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slipum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>slipīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slipud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>slipīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slipun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>slipīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>slīpandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>slipanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>slīpaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*slīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*slīpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>slipen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>sliepe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*slīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*slīpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>slipen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>slijpen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>slyp</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*slīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>slīpa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>slypje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*slīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>slīfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>schleifen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*slīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*slīpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>slîpen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>sliepen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*slīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*slīpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>slîpen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>slipa</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Finnish</lang>
                          <orth>liipata</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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