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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *smalaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_smalaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h_x12" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*smol</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>H</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_malus_x2" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>malus</orth>
          <def>bad</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_mal" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*malъ</orth>
          <def>small; little</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_mal" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)mal-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_smalaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smalaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>smalaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsmɑ.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛗᚨᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>small</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h_x12"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h_x12">*smol</ref></mentioned> (H)-o-s, traditionally traced back further to Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_mal"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_mal">*(s)mal-</ref></mentioned> (‘small’) (alternatively reconstructed as *(s)mel-), though Kroonen appears implicitly skeptical and assigns no cognates outside of Germanic. Compare Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_mal"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_mal">*malъ</ref></mentioned> (‘small; little’) and Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_malus_x2"><ref target="#cog_lat_malus_x2">malus</ref></mentioned> (‘bad’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>smalaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>smalō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>smalą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>smalai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>smalôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>smalō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>smalanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>smalǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>smalą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>smalanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>smalōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>smalō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>smalas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>smalaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>smalas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>smalaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>smalaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>smalaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>smalammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>smalaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>smalammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>smalaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>smalaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>smalaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>smalanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>smalaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>smalanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>smalaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>smalaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>smalaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>smalô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>smalǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>smalô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>smalaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>smalōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>smalōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>smalanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>smalōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>smalô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>smalanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>smalōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>smalōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>smaliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>smalōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>smaliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>smalanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>smalōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>smalanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>smalini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>smalōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>smalini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>smalammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>smalōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>smalammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>smalinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>smalōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>smalinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>smalammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>smalōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>smalammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*smal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>smal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>smal</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>smal</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*smal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>smæl</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>smal</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>small</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>smal, smaw</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*smal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>smel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>smaal, smääl, smeel</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>smäl</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>smel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*smal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>smal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>smal</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>schmål, schmoi</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schmal</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>schmaal</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>schmuel</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>śmoł</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>שמאָל (shmol)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*smal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>smal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>smal</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>small</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>smalr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>smal</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>smalur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>smalur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>smal</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>smal</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*smals)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (smalists)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
