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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *smarōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_smarōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_mey" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)mey-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_smarona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smarōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>smarōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsmɑ.rɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛗᚨᚱᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to mock; scoff at; deride</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Perhaps related to *smīlijaną (‘to smile’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_mey"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_mey">*(s)mey-</ref></mentioned> (‘to laugh’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>smarō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>smarǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>smarōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>smarōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>smarōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>smarō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>smarōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>smarōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>smarōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>smarō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>smarōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>smarōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>smarōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>smarōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>smarōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>smarōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>smarōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>smarōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>smarōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>smarōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>smarōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>smarōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>smarōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>smarōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>smarōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>smarōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>smarōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>smarōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>smarōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>smarōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>smarōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>smarōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>smarōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>smarōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>smarōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>smarōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>smarōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>smarōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>smarōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>smarōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>smarōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>smarōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>smarōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>smarōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>smarōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>smarōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>smarōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>smarōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>smarōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>smarōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>smarōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>smerian</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare, smirken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>bismer, smirk, besmear</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>bismere, bysmer, smirk, smirkle, smerkle</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>bismerian</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare, smirken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>bismer, smirk, besmear</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>bismere, bysmer, smirk, smirkle, smerkle</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>bismer</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare, smirken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>bismer, smirk, besmear</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>bismere, bysmer, smirk, smirkle, smerkle</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>bismor</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare, smirken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>bismer, smirk, besmear</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>bismere, bysmer, smirk, smirkle, smerkle</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>smercian</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare, smirken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>bismer, smirk, besmear</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>bismere, bysmer, smirk, smirkle, smerkle</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>smearcian</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare, smirken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>bismer, smirk, besmear</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>bismere, bysmer, smirk, smirkle, smerkle</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>smere</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>besmeere</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>smoar, besmjirkje, besmoarkje</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*bismerōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>besmēren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>besmeren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>bismer</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>besmēren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>besmeren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>bismeron</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>besmeren, besmaren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>besmeren, besmeuren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>bismer</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>besmeren, besmaren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>besmeren, besmeuren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>bismarōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>smieren, besmirwen, besmiren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>schmieren, beschmieren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>bismerōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>smieren, besmirwen, besmiren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>schmieren, beschmieren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>bismar</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>smieren, besmirwen, besmiren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>schmieren, beschmieren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>bismer</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>smieren, besmirwen, besmiren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>schmieren, beschmieren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>bismirwen</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>smieren, besmirwen, besmiren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>schmieren, beschmieren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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